Preparations for the restoration of microflora after antibiotics

Taking antibacterial medicines is necessary to treat infectious diseases and prevent complications. However, after such therapy, patients often get dysbacteriosis - a condition in which the microbial composition and the ratio of microorganisms in the intestine are disturbed. This leads to indigestion, bloating, cramps, diarrhea, or even constipation. In this case, adults and children are helped by drugs to restore microflora after antibiotics - probiotics, prebiotics, bacteriophages and other means.

What is dysbacteriosis?

Dysbacteriosis is a violation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microorganisms, as well as their ratio. Taking antibacterial agents leads to a decrease in the number of useful microbes and an increase in the titer of opportunistic and pathogenic microbes.

Beneficial microorganisms have developed enzyme systems, i.e. help the body digest complex substances from food, translating them into simple ones. They also synthesize vitamins of group B, K. The latter is necessary for normal blood clotting.

The most common inhabitants of a healthy digestive tract are lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In smaller quantities, it contains Escherichia coli, which breaks down lactose, opportunistic enterococci, and other microorganisms.

With dysbacteriosis, the growth of lactose-negative organisms that do not digest milk lactose increases in the intestine. The number of non-fermenting bacteria with aggression factors is increasing. The appearance of such pathogens as streptococcus, staphylococcus, proteus is possible.

There are three degrees of severity of dysbacteriosis:

1. Compensated. Absence of pronounced signs of indigestion. The number of lacto- and bifidobacteria is reduced by one order, there is a slight increase in opportunistic microflora. Usually manifested by signs of hypovitaminosis - hair loss, the appearance of a skin rash. To treat it, a small course of probiotic preparations, vitamins is enough.
2. Subcompensated. There is a significant decrease in lacto-, bifidobacteria, fermenting Escherichia coli by several orders of magnitude from the norm. Symptoms such as bloating, belching, diarrhea, cramps are possible.
3. Decompensated. In addition to a significant reduction in the number of beneficial bacteria, there are pathogens such as Proteus, Staphylococcus, Clostridia, Candida in a large titer. At this stage, it is possible to develop chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - colitis, enteritis, fever. Sometimes septic conditions develop (blood poisoning) due to the penetration of bacteria into the intestinal wall with the help of aggression factors - proteolytic enzymes, flagella, toxins. This is facilitated by the absence of a normal microbial biofilm. In the stage of decompensation, treatment is not complete without the appointment of antibacterial, antifungal drugs.

Symptoms of microbial imbalance

After the use of antibiotics, the growth of Candida fungi and anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium, most often increases. Antibacterial agents contribute to the destruction of the natural microbial film and reduce local intestinal immunity.

Intestinal candidiasis is manifested by fermentative dyspepsia, the presence of a sour smell of feces and bubbles in it. It is also possible white plaque on the chair. Fermentation organisms also include saccharolytic microorganisms such as Klebsiella.

The rapid development of clostridia causes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as Clindamycin, Ampicillin, Lincomycin. The most dangerous species of these organisms is Clostridium difficile, which causes potentially fatal pseudomembranous colitis. The growth of these anaerobes gives a putrid smell of feces against the background of protein dyspepsia - a violation of the digestion of proteins. The alkaline reaction of the stool is characteristic.

Proteus, Escherichia coli and other proteolytic microorganisms create a similar picture of the disease.

What are the remedies for dysbacteriosis?

What to take after antibiotics to restore microflora? Various drugs are used to treat dysbacteriosis of various degrees. To find out how to treat this disorder, it is necessary to pass basic tests: feces for coprogram, microflora. In some cases, endoscopic studies may be needed - gastroscopy, colonoscopy.

Fixed assets and tablets after antibiotics to restore microflora:

1. Probiotics are representatives of the predominant intestinal microflora. They are used at any stage of violation of the microbial composition of the intestine.
2. Prebiotics are substances that feed beneficial microorganisms.
3. Synbiotics - a combination of pro- and prebiotics in one preparation.
4. Selective decontaminants are microorganisms that are aggressive towards pathogens and expel them from the body.
5. Bacteriophages are viruses that kill pathogenic microbes.
6. Intestinal antiseptics and antibiotics are agents used in the decompensated stage of dysbacteriosis.
7. Antifungal drugs.

Probiotics

What to drink after antibiotics for microflora? Probiotics are used to correct mild disorders of the intestinal microbial composition. These are preparations containing the most common healthy gut symbionts. They may include only lacto- or only bifidobacteria, some include enterococci, sour-milk streptococci.

There are liquid and dry forms of probiotics. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Common dry forms are Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin, Yogulact, Bifikol, Colibacterin, Linex, Narine in powder and capsules. There is an opinion that such forms are not able to develop and multiply during the period during which they stay in the gastrointestinal tract. After all, not all bacteria survive during drying. However, in these preparations there are almost no acids that can irritate a sensitive stomach, which is an advantage.

After antibiotics, how to restore the microflora with drugs - the doctor decides. Many gastroenterologists recommend using liquid forms of probiotics as they are already in an activated state. In addition, the concentration of living microorganisms there is higher than in lyophilized powders, which allows you to quickly improve the condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Liquid forms include Biovestin, Narine-Forte, Trilakt, BifidumBag, Normoflorins B, L, and D.

Why Probiotics Are Necessary:

1. Replenish the deficiency of digestive enzymes (mainly for the digestion of carbohydrates).
2. By creating an acidic environment, they inhibit the development of putrefactive microorganisms - Clostridium, Proteus.
3. Enhance the production of secretory antibodies and interferon - increase local immunity of the digestive tract. This allows you to quickly bring the intestines back to normal.

The lack of probiotics - the acidic environment created by lacto- and bifidobacteria, with prolonged use, can provoke the growth of Candida fungi in the intestines and in the vagina. This yeast develops especially often with immunodeficiencies, diabetes, constipation, eating flour products, and stress. Therefore, the correction of dysbacteriosis should be carried out under the supervision of a gastroenterologist.

Another nuance is that probiotics have a positive effect on the development of their own beneficial microorganisms, but are not included in the natural intestinal biofilm.

Prebiotics

What to drink after antibiotics to restore microflora? Prebiotics are often used to correct dysbacteriosis. These types of supplements include growth factors and metabolic products of normal microflora. These substances contribute to the growth of normal microflora and the suppression of pathogenic.

These factors include:

1. Organic acids - lactic, citric, butyric, propionic, acetic.
2. Oligo- and polysaccharides - lactulose, oligofructose, inulin.
3. B group vitamins.

Organic acids, in particular lactic, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Butyrate in the composition of prebiotics gives intestinal cells energy, prevents constipation and inflammation. Preparations containing organic acids - Hilak-Forte, ButyrAid.

Oligo- and polysaccharides, being nutrients for beneficial microflora, promotes the formation of fatty acids (SCFA) necessary for the functioning of intestinal epithelial cells. Lactulose in the preparations Portalak, Dufalac, Normaze, Poslabin, Dinolak, being a raw material for the production of fatty acids, helps to suppress decay caused by Proteus, Clostridia. In addition, SCFA activates the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, disturbed by constipation. Lactulose removes toxic metabolic products of putrefactive microflora, protecting the liver.

The polysaccharide inulin contains Stimbifid, which serves as a nutrient for the growth of bifidobacteria. Has a laxative effect.

Synbiotics

How to restore the microflora after antibiotics in an adult? For this, complex preparations are used, which include both the bacteria themselves and the nutrient medium for them. These funds include Bifiform, Linex-Bio.

Selective decontaminants

Preparations of this group contain microorganisms that are not predominant in a healthy intestine. However, they have a strongly pronounced antagonistic effect against pathogenic microflora. These drugs are prescribed in a short course to expel harmful bacteria and fungi.

These include:

• Yeast - Saccharomyces - Enterol;
• Hay stick - Baktisubtil, Biosporin, Subalin.

Enterol is positioned as a drug intended for the treatment of diarrhea after antibiotics. Saccharomycetes boulardii in it suppress the development of clostridia and displace Candida fungi from the intestines.

Bactisubtil, Biosporin contain hay bacillus, which releases substances that suppress pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. On the basis of natural antibiotics of a close relative of this microbe, "Bacitracin" was released.

These drugs should be used with caution and for a short time.

bacteriophages

They are viruses that invade the cells of pathogenic bacteria and kill them. There are several tools of this type:

• Sextaphagus;
• Pyobacteriophage;
• Intestifag - against Proteus, Enterococci, Salmonella, including typhoid fever, the causative agent of Shigella dysentery.

Before using bacteriophages, the sensitivity of pathogens to them is determined.

Intestinal antiseptics

For the treatment of subcompensated and decompensated dysbacteriosis, antibacterial drugs are used, which are almost not absorbed into the intestine, i.e. do not enter the systemic circulation.

These funds include: Enterofuril, Alfa-normix, Intetrix, Ftalazol, Sulgin. Effective against most bacteria - opportunistic pathogens, as well as pathogens of intestinal infections - salmonella, shigella, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

After treatment with antiseptics, pro- and prebiotics are used.

Antifungals

Often taking antibiotics provokes the growth of Candida, especially against the background of immunodeficiencies, stress, and malnutrition. To eliminate intestinal candidiasis, fungicidal and fungistatic preparations are used:

• Nystatin;
• Fluconazole;
• Itraconazole;
• Ketoconazole.

The difference between Nystatin and other drugs of this group is that it is practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood.

Conclusion

What to drink after antibiotics for microflora for an adult, the gastroenterologist decides. Treatment of dysbacteriosis should be carried out by contacting a doctor and testing for sensitivity to antiseptics, bacteriophages, fungicides. The effectiveness of the same drugs (including probiotics) in different people may be different

Preparations for restoring microflora after antibiotics - video