medical rehabilitation

There are two concepts in working with disabled people: rehabilitation and habilitation. Rehabilitation in medicine is a set of measures aimed at restoring lost skills due to injuries or diseases. Habilitation is the process of developing new skills. Do not confuse treatment and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation begins with the beginning of treatment and is aimed at adapting a person to society.

There are the following types of rehabilitation:

• social;
• medical;
• psychological;
• professional.

Tasks:

1) The return of the ability to self-service to restore the usual way of life.

2) Achieving the best result of treatment, restoring the functions of organs and systems.

3) Creation of a mood for work on the restoration of lost abilities.

4) Employment of a person or return to a previous job.

What is medical rehabilitation

It is the most important, without it other types of rehabilitation are impossible. It is carried out in medical and treatment-and-prophylactic institutions. It is aimed at restoring the functions of damaged organs and systems. It begins with the onset of the acute phase of the disease and lasts until the maximum recovery of human abilities.

Methods and means of medical rehabilitation

1) Sanatorium treatment. It includes mud therapy, mineral waters. This method should not be neglected. Since spa treatment not only restores health, but also has a positive effect on the psychological state of the patient, helps to distract from his problems.

2) Massage effectively affects the musculoskeletal system, improves blood flow in organs and tissues, fights ischemia. This helps to restore their function much faster. Massage should be done by a qualified medical professional.

3) Physiotherapy. Electrophoresis is a combination of the action of an electric current and drugs. Pulse electrotherapy - exposure to variable frequency currents. Electrosleep - affects the formation of the brain with low frequency currents.

4) Therapeutic physical culture is one of the most important methods of medical rehabilitation. It helps to gradually increase the load. Exercises are selected individually for each person by a doctor, taking into account the characteristics of his disease, age, gender. You can practice both at home according to a pre-compiled program, and in a medical rehabilitation center. The advantage of training in the center is that in the center, in addition to physical education, a person communicates with people. It is being restored socially.

All these methods and means are used in combination to obtain the best effect.

Indications: violation of social ties, disability, reduced ability to learn, exposure to external factors.

Contraindications: all acute conditions of the patient: acute myocardial infarction, stroke, bleeding, irreducible dislocations, unstable osteosynthesis, pulmonary tuberculosis, malignant neoplasms.

Psychological. Disability is hard not only physically, but also mentally. Therefore, people need specialized help from a psychologist. It will help a person to accept his problem, tune in to further struggle, and explain the features of his condition. A positive result can be achieved only with an optimistic attitude of a person, his faith in success.

Professional. Often a person is no longer able to perform his former job. Therefore, he needs to restore his skills in order to return to his previous job, or to acquire new knowledge and retrain in order to obtain a specialty that is more accessible to him. The decision on vocational training is made individually for each person. All patients according to this factor are divided into three groups:

1) people who can continue their professional activities in the same place in easier conditions;

2) people who can continue their professional activities at the same workplace using auxiliary equipment;

3) people who cannot return to their previous specialty, they need professional retraining and the selection of a new job.

Social rehabilitation is aimed at returning to society. A person should feel like a full member of society. Social rehabilitation has a wide meaning. This is the restoration of self-service abilities, and the acceptance of one's physical defect. In self-service skills, special equipment can come to the rescue: strollers, wheelchairs, and so on.

Principles of Medical Rehabilitation

• Early start. A set of measures should be started as early as possible. This will help you achieve the best results and reduce the chance of complications.
• Continuity. There should be no interruption in the work to restore functions.
• Staged. A person must go through the following stages: inpatient, outpatient, sanatorium.

The stationary stage includes the stage of the disease and originates in medical institutions providing specialized medical care. The main goal is timely diagnosis and treatment. The tasks of this stage: determining the state of the body, conducting laboratory and instrumental studies, creating a recovery program, from the onset of the disease to the transition to the outpatient stage.

The purpose of the polyclinic stage is to restore the ability to self-service and return to work.

The spa stage helps to gradually increase physical activity. The main method of this stage is kinesitherapy. Usually they conduct group classes of therapeutic physical culture. Often used special simulators. Swimming, sports games, tourism, and walking tours have also proved to be effective.

• Continuity. All data about the patient must be transferred to the next link (the hospital transmits information to the polyclinic, the polyclinic to sanatorium-resort institutions).
• Complex character. It is necessary to take care not only of the restoration of the functions of human organs, but also of its social and professional spheres.
• Individual approach. Each person must be treated as a unique organism. It is impossible to apply the same scheme to all patients, it is necessary to work with each personality separately.

An individual rehabilitation and habilitation program is created by the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise for each person, taking into account the characteristics of his disease.

The order of medical assistance for medical rehabilitation

All patients who need this type of assistance are sent to the selection committee. It is commanded by the head of the rehabilitation department. Depending on the specifics of the disease, the commission may include a neurologist, a surgeon, an otolaryngologist, an endocrinologist, etc. A therapist and an exercise therapy doctor must be included.

The commission decides on the following issues:

1) whether the person needs a rehabilitation program;

2) to what extent it should be carried out;

3) draw up an individual rehabilitation and habilitation program;

4) evaluate the effectiveness of treatment;

5) expediency of referral to sanatorium treatment;

6) resolve issues of temporary disability of a person.

Fundamentals of Medical Rehabilitation

The approach to medical rehabilitation should be comprehensive. Before drawing up a program, it is necessary to assess the state of organs and systems using instrumental and laboratory research methods. Then, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body, the rehabilitation doctor draws up a program.

Preserving the health of the population is the main task of the state. Recently, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the incidence rate, especially among the able-bodied population. The number of patients with cardiovascular pathology is steadily growing. All this requires improving the quality and accessibility of rehabilitation activities. Currently, a large number of public and commercial rehabilitation centers are being created to solve this problem.