Types of rehabilitation of disabled people

Rehabilitation of the disabled is a whole complex of interrelated processes that allow the patient to restore the lost opportunities, as well as to ensure his adaptation to life in society in a new status. Modern medicine considers the concept of what rehabilitation of the disabled is, its concept and types.

The main types of rehabilitation of the disabled

Types of rehabilitation for the disabled include:

• social rehabilitation. These methods include measures aimed at ensuring that a person returns to social and everyday life skills, psychological and social adaptation.
• professional rehabilitation. A disabled person is helped to return to the labor market as a full-fledged worker, able to perform labor activities. The patient is helped to find a job and carry out the stages of professional adaptation.
• medical rehabilitation. These methods include compensation and restorative measures aimed at replenishing the opportunities lost by the disease. It is the basis of all rehabilitation methods, since other procedures can only be carried out after medical events.

Each type of rehabilitation includes individual programs that depend on the patient's condition, the stage of the disease and the degree of loss of various functions. The selection is carried out by the attending physician and specialist of the rehabilitation center.

A brief description of the types of rehabilitation of the disabled provides for the analysis of each concept.

medical rehabilitation

This type of rehabilitation is necessary to replenish the lost function and eliminate the underlying disease that led to disability.
Its implementation is carried out in accordance with the protocol created by the Ministry of Health, and is a mandatory step before obtaining a disability group and assessing the degree of replacement of the lost function. Medical rehabilitation is divided into two main types, which includes:

• Carrying out general medical measures necessary to eliminate acute and prevent the progression of chronic pathologies. Treatment of patients can be carried out on the basis of surgical, therapeutic, as well as narrow-profile hospitals.
• Specialized events. A similar complex is being carried out on the basis of specialized medical centers. They include surgical interventions, prosthetics for lost limbs and other procedures.

Patients are sent for rehabilitation from a medical institution at the place of residence. Currently, referral procedures are free of charge. If necessary, the patient can receive an additional complex, which is purchased privately. This is especially true for the issue of choosing prostheses of various quality.

Among the principles that include this type of rehabilitation are:

• Timely provision of medical care. With an acute illness, the speed of specialized care plays a big role. This is associated with a possible chance of complete recovery of the body or minimal loss of function. To carry out this stage, it is necessary to seek medical help as soon as possible.
• Compliance with stages. Any recovery event implies a strict alternation of treatment processes. In the presence of a disease, it is necessary to sequentially carry out various procedures. Turning off any stage may cause failure of further rehabilitation processes.
• A complex approach. To achieve the most positive effect, it is necessary to include in the rehabilitation program various methods that affect the body from various sides. In addition, the mechanism of action of each direction must be different in order to prevent the lack of effect.
• Individual selection of events. Drawing up an individual rehabilitation plan is the key to a positive result. Conducting a general course for patients with varying degrees of loss of a particular function, as well as the severity of the pathological process, is unjustified. This is due to the fact that the rehabilitation course provides for a dynamic assessment of progress, as well as a possible adjustment of the program.

Medical rehabilitation includes the following types:

• Carrying out reconstructive surgery. Plastic surgery at the stage of medical rehabilitation can have both a therapeutic and an aesthetic goal, which improves the quality of life of a disabled person and ensures his social adaptation in this status.
• Rehabilitative occupational therapy, which ensures the preparation of the patient for the upcoming work activity.
• Performing prosthetics. Modern technologies ensure the selection of prostheses, providing not only age-related needs, but also allowing to make up for the lost functions as much as possible.
• Orthotics. The use of modern cuts can not only preserve the labor activity of patients, but also helps to reduce complications in the recovery period.
• Provision of sanatorium treatment. Climate change helps to cope with various chronic pathologies, reducing the risk of complications.
• Rehabilitation measures through physical exercises.

Social rehabilitation

This set of measures provides for the determination of the optimal mode of activity for persons with disabilities in various social conditions and their basic needs.
In many ways, it depends on the nature and specificity of the disease in the patient, which determines the type of social insufficiency. Among them are:

• Problems with self-service. This is especially true for people who have severe somatic or mental illness, as well as defects in the musculoskeletal system.
• Movement problems. This problem occurs in individuals with a predominant lesion of the musculoskeletal system, impaired visual function, or a severe course of somatic diseases.
• Labor limitation.
• The problem of learning. This applies to persons who have severe physical defects or mental pathology.
• Problem with communication or orientation. Persons whose work of analyzers is disrupted are subject to it, and the mental sphere also suffers.

Based on these problems, social rehabilitation can be divided into two areas, which include social and domestic and social and environmental.
Each of them is aimed at the orientation, education, adaptation and arrangement of the patient in society. Social and household rehabilitation includes the acquisition by the patient, as well as the restoration of the lost skill of self-service and organization of one's life. In addition, it helps to arrange an appropriate social environment for a person. Having undergone this rehabilitation, the patient can independently exist or partially maintain independence.

Social and domestic device This type of rehabilitation helps to provide the patient with elementary devices to maintain the comfort of the home and premises of an auxiliary role.
The state attaches great importance to maintaining security. For patients with disabilities, it is necessary to provide for a large living area, as well as a change in architectural and planning projects. This applies not only to residential premises, but also to boarding schools and public places that are required to be visited by disabled people. For patients, not only the aesthetic side of the room is of great importance, but also the possibility of installing auxiliary devices, which are an integral part of care.
This enables the patient to take care of himself. The selection of these funds should be carried out on an individual basis, taking into account the condition of the patient, as well as preventing an increase in the danger caused by accidents.

It is necessary to educate not only the patient, but also his family members.
They need to explain the specifics of the disease, the possible difficulties they will have to face, the socio-psychological and physiological problems, as well as the peculiarities of using the means of rehabilitation that will be required to care for a disabled person. This will ease the caregiving difficulties that most people face. In the course of social exploitation, it is required to adapt a person to the conditions of life as a disabled person.
An important aspect of social adaptation is the conduct of socio-environmental education.
This stage includes teaching the patient in various ways not only how to use the environment, but also how to move safely in public places, use transport services and make purchases independently, managing money. A disabled person is taught his civil rights. Socio-domestic orientation It provides the disabled person with the skills to use the surrounding territory.

The patient is taught to establish relationships between different categories of people, to get acquainted with the surrounding area, as well as objects located on it, which include shops, businesses and health centers.
The tasks of social adaptation include not only work with disabled people and their relatives, but also measures aimed at changing the attitude of the state towards people with disabilities, improving their quality of life in the environment and ensuring the protection of this layer of citizens.

Vocational rehabilitation

That is a set of measures that provide assistance to a disabled patient, professional skills for the implementation of labor activities in a short time.
This takes into account the needs of the employer, as well as the physical and mental capabilities of the patient, the impact of his disease on the quality of work performed and the state of health. For the patient, not only training is carried out, but also psychological preparation, which allows him to cope with the problems that arise as a result of work.
In some cases, it becomes necessary to perform psychological correction, which is aimed at the processes of restoration and the formation of new opportunities in the mental or other areas.

The skills that the patient receives at this stage of rehabilitation allow him to take care of himself and his loved ones, as well as drive vehicles or perform other types of work.

The main types of rehabilitation of the disabled help to improve the quality of human life. In addition, they allow a person to adapt to the current life situation.