Restoration of cartilage tissue of the knee joint
The bones are covered with articular surfaces, which in turn are covered with hyaline cartilage. Cartilage acts as a smooth, elastic pad that reduces the load when moving the body, provides free movement of the bones that form the joint. The destruction of cartilage occurs due to disease or injury. The restoration of the cartilage tissue of the knee joint can ensure the normal functioning of the knee.
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cartilage structure
The tibia and patella are connected to the femur through the knee joint. Its task is to stabilize under significant loads and provide a variety of physical activity. With constant and hard work, there is a high probability of rapid wear of the joint.
Cartilage is not supplied with blood, it is nourished by joint fluid. With serious injuries, serious complications occur. For this reason, German clinics transplant cartilage cells into the knee joint in order to rehabilitate it. Such a technique may well replace arthroplasty.
Timely treatment will help eliminate pain, increase resistance to stress, make the knee more mobile. With cartilage regeneration, an artificial joint may not be needed .
Causes of damage
Cartilage destruction can occur in the following cases:
- with injuries;
- with excessive or insufficient activity of the joints;
- with malnutrition;
- in the presence of bad habits such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
- under difficult living and working conditions;
- due to vitamin and mineral deficiency;
- as a result of an infectious process;
- due to impaired metabolism;
- with hypothermia;
- due to poor blood supply to the joints.
In pathological processes, cartilaginous tissues exfoliate and become thinner. Movement between the bones is impaired, leading to the destruction of cartilage.
Without timely access to a doctor and rehabilitation of the knee joint after an injury, a person will suffer from chronic severe pain and immobilization.
Diagnostics
Cartilage damage can be recognized by:
- pain in the knee area;
- limited mobility or immobilization;
- edema;
- crunch when bending-extension of the knee.
The articular cartilage does not have regenerative abilities; over time, the damage begins to scar. This is fraught with the development of arthritis and lameness. In addition to palpation and examination, diagnosis is carried out using hardware research methods such as x-rays, magnetic resonance and computed tomography.
Restoration of the knee joint
Restoration of the knee joint is possible by providing cartilage with nutrients. The extension-flexion of the tissue occurs many times a day. The synovial fluid helps to lubricate the joints; when it is deficient, the cartilage begins to fray.
The blood supply to the joint is extremely limited, which impairs proper nutrition, growth and tissue regeneration. There are several methods of treatment, the most common methods will be presented below.
Medical method of treatment
Cartilage tissue is fragile and unstable, it is very susceptible to damage. To restore the former activity, experts use different methods. The most common way involves the use of medications.
After diagnosis, the doctor often prescribes therapy with chondroprotectors. It consists of the main components of cartilage tissue such as chondroitin and glucosamine:
- Chondroitin is considered a polysaccharide that makes cartilage tissue stronger when stretched and contracted. With the help of this substance pains, discomfort are eliminated, the possibility of movement returns.
- Glucosamine can restore tissue, strengthen and protect it from mechanical stress.
These drugs are prescribed both for the rehabilitation of diseases of the knee joint, and for prevention. They prevent bone destruction and speed up healing. With the complete destruction of the cartilaginous structure, the drugs are powerless.
What does recovery depend on?
Treatment with chondroprotectors requires a long time and regular medication. The result of therapy also depends on:
- complex use of glucosamine and chondroitin to enhance the impact;
- timely contact with a specialist;
- the duration of the treatment course (at least six months);
- correct dosage of drugs.
When choosing medicines, you should give preference to proven means. It is strongly not recommended to engage in self-medication and self-prescription of drugs.
Innovative treatment
German, Israeli and European clinics are developing new methods of treating the knee joint after an injury. Doctors guarantee a quick recovery of motor activity using methods like:
- Transplants. The operation takes place in two ways: in the first case, a tissue piece is taken from a capable joint and transplanted into a defective area. In the second case, the cells are cultured in the laboratory and implanted into the destroyed cartilage tissue.
- Sanitation. Here, endoscopic removal of the injured borders is done, after which the articular cartilage is polished. Thus, further tissue breakdown is prevented, wounds heal faster.
- stem cells. This method involves processing with special tools to form microcracks. Together with blood, stem cells begin to envelop the joint, creating a semblance of cartilage.
- arthroscopy. With the help of several punctures, dead areas of cartilage tissue and synovial fluid are removed. The operation is considered minimally invasive, with minimal trauma. After the operation, the patient can be discharged within a few days.
- Endoprosthetics. This is a rather radical method, involving the replacement of worn cartilage or a joint with its bone components.
After any surgical intervention, the patient is recommended to consider his diet, sleep, and stabilize the number of loads.
Postoperative period
Eat preferably natural products with plant and animal origin. It is important to exclude soda, fast food, too salty, sweet, fried foods. They reduce acidity in the digestive tract, inhibit the production of growth hormones. Food should be taken in portions, 4-5 times a day.
Restoration of the knee joint after an injury also consists of physiotherapy exercises. Intensive training will speed up the regeneration process, the main thing is to moderately distribute the load. Before starting a workout, the muscles and spine should be warmed up. After training, vivacity and activity should remain, it is important to prevent exhaustion.
Exercises to Accelerate Recovery
Therapeutic exercises should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the severity of pathological processes, their nature, the presence of additional diseases, age and individual characteristics of a person. Full-fledged classes are carried out after a decrease in pain, normalization of temperature, and a decrease in inflammation.
Exercises for rehabilitation should solve the following tasks:
- increase the flexibility of the ligaments;
- strengthen the femoral muscle and lower leg;
- normalize blood supply - this will improve metabolic processes, increase the production of synovial fluid, and accelerate cellular regeneration.
It is important to improve a person's well-being and mood - determination and a positive mood play an important role in recovery.
Joint training
Regular physical education will help recovery, prevent age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system. Waking up, you should raise one leg, bend and straighten, the leg should be tense. This is done with each foot 10-15 times, after which a circle is drawn in the air with the toe. Only the knee should participate in the movement. It is necessary to make 5 circular rotations from right to left and 5 from left to right.
Then they stand near the sofa, put their legs parallel to their shoulders. The right leg is placed on the toe, all the weight goes to the second leg. Next, the sock is torn off the floor, bending and unbending the knee. Flexion should be maximum, it is desirable to touch the buttocks or thigh.
So do 10-15 times, then lower the leg. Next, you need to put your feet next to each other, bend over and grab your knees with your hands. With the help of hands, draw 10 circles with the knee joint.
Next, an exercise similar to the first is done, only standing. The leg is lifted, 5-10 circular rotations are made from right to left and from left to right. The same is repeated with the other leg.
Knee Strengthening Workout
Exercises for the rehabilitation of the knee joint involve its development and strengthening. Lying on your back, stretch your arms back, palms up, stretch your socks. While inhaling, the socks need to be lifted up, while exhaling, pull down. There is no need to hold your breath, you just need to remember the sequence of actions.
Then the hands are lowered, the leg is raised and the toe is pulled to the top. Inhaling, pull the leg towards you, exhaling - away from you. Do five repetitions on each leg, this will improve the stretch of the knee.
The next movements will be an imitation of a bicycle. 10-15 rotations are done on each leg, then both legs are used 20 times. The socks are pulled down, the legs are lowered, bent at the knees with a slight slope. The knees are spread to the sides, then reduced. It is necessary to do 10-15 repetitions.
Lying on your back, you need to press your knee to yourself with your hand, pulling your face towards it. So do 5-7 times, then change the leg. The legs are bent, while the feet should be parallel to the shoulders. The right leg is placed on the left knee, turned around and pulled back. Each leg is trained alternately 5-10 times. Without changing position, the legs are drawn to themselves, then to the floor. The number of repetitions is the same.
The following movements are done with a ball or roller. In a sitting position, the ball is placed under the leg, rolled alternately 10 times. They put a high pillow on a chair, sit down, hang their legs, swaying back and forth with each foot in turn.
Then they lie on their stomach, put their hands under their heads, take their legs off the floor at a short distance, bend and hold for about 40-60 seconds. Then they are transplanted to a chair, put their feet on the floor. Straightening the left foot, it is lifted and held for 60 seconds. Next comes the turn of the right foot, the number of approaches should be no more than 15.
Exercises for rehabilitation are done in a course for a month. You need to load the joints little by little, doing 1-2 times more daily. At first, the movements should be slow, then the speed increases. You can praise yourself for a productive workout with rest, taking a contrast shower, and massage. You can fix the basics of therapeutic exercises with the help of video lessons.
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