Postoperative fistula

A fistula is a pathological channel that connects a hollow organ and the external environment or two hollow organs. Most often, a fistula appears after surgery . Treatment of this formation is quite long and painful. That is why the patient must strictly adhere to the doctor's instructions.

The concept of fistulas and their types

The fistula is a hollow neoplasm, which in its appearance resembles a deep wound. In accordance with the characteristics of the development of neoplasms, they can be:

• labial. In this case, there is an fusion of fistulas and skin, as well as muscle tissue. Removal of fistulas is carried out using a surgical method.
• Complete. It is characterized by the presence of two exits, which makes it possible to most effectively combat the inflammatory process.
• tubular. It is a fully formed channel, from which there is a constant discharge of feces, pus and mucus.
• Incomplete. The neoplasm is characterized by one exit, the location of which is the abdominal cavity. With this type of fistula, pathogenic microflora multiplies, and inflammation also aggravates.
• Granulating. With this type of fistula, granulation tissue is formed. With this pathological process, swelling and hyperemia are often observed.

what a fistula is after surgery . After an appropriate diagnosis, a specialist will be able to determine the type of formation, which will positively affect the treatment process.

Reasons for the appearance

Postoperative fistulas can develop for a variety of reasons. Most often, pathology is observed against the background of an infectious process that enters the human body through sutures and wounds. After a surgical intervention, the human body may reject the thread, which is explained by intolerance to its components. Against this background, a postoperative fistula . The development of neoplasms can be diagnosed in the presence of other provoking factors, which include:

• High immune reactivity of the organism;
• Elderly age;
• Chronic specific infection;
• hospital infection;
• Oncological diseases.

If vitamins and minerals enter the human body in insufficient quantities, this leads to the formation of fistulas . Postoperative fistula, the treatment of which is very long, appears in case of metabolic disorders - diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity.

Before treating a fistula after surgery , it is necessary to determine the cause of its appearance. Therapy of pathology should be directed to its elimination.

Symptoms

Fistulas after surgery are characterized by the presence of certain signs. Initially, the appearance of a seal on the skin around the size is observed. There is pain on palpation. In some patients, the appearance of pronounced tubercles is diagnosed, which is used to secrete the infiltrate. Reddening of the skin may be observed at the site of infection of the scar.

The pathological process is often accompanied by a sharp increase in body temperature. This is due to the course of the inflammatory process in the human body. It is impossible to bring down the temperature to a normal value. Fistulas are accompanied by a purulent process. With untimely treatment of pathology, the size of the abscess increases significantly. In patients, there is a tightening of the fistulous opening for a certain period. This is followed by the development of inflammation.

Fistulas are characterized by the presence of certain signs. When they appear, patients are advised to immediately consult a doctor. Timely treatment of the disease will eliminate the possibility of side effects.

Features of therapy

Treatment of a fistula after surgery in most cases requires the use of surgical intervention. Initially, the surgical field is treated with special antiseptic solutions, which will eliminate the possibility of infection. Surgery requires the use of local therapy. In order for the surgeon to find the course of the fistula as quickly as possible, a dye solution is introduced into it.

The surgeon removes the fistula with a scalpel. All other actions of specialists are aimed at stopping bleeding. After that, it is recommended to wash the wound with a solution with an antiseptic effect. Postoperative sutures are applied to the wound. In this case, it is recommended to use active drainage.

Medical therapy

The treatment of postoperative fistulas requires the use of not only surgical intervention, but also appropriate medications. In most cases, patients are prescribed antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs:

• Diclofenac;
• Nimesila;
• Dicloberla.

In order to speed up the healing process of wounds, the use of Troxevasin or Methyluracil ointment is recommended. It is also recommended to use preparations that are of plant origin - aloe, sea buckthorn oil, etc.

How long the fistula heals after surgery , directly depends on the characteristics of the rehabilitation period. Patients are recommended daily hygiene procedures in the area of ​​the operation. The patient is advised to disinfect the sutures daily with the help of special preparations. The patient's diet should be rich in fiber, which will eliminate the possibility of constipation. In the postoperative period, it is recommended to exclude heavy physical exertion. Prolonged work in a sitting position should be abandoned for three months.

How does a fistula appear after surgery, what is it only the doctor knows. That is why, if neoplasms occur, it is necessary to seek help from a doctor who will determine the type of formation and prescribe rational therapy.